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ºñÇàü ¿îµ¿¸ðµ¨ÀÇ PID Á¦¾î

   1. ºñÇàü ¿îµ¿ ¸ðµ¨

   2. ºñ·Ê Á¦¾î±â ¼³°è

   3. ºñ·Ê ¹ÌºÐ Á¦¾î±â ¼³°è

   4. ºñ·Ê ¹ÌºÐ ÀûºÐ Á¦¾î±â ¼³°è

1. ºñÇàü ¿îµ¿¸ðµ¨

 ºñÇàü´Â °ø±â¿ªÇÐÀûÀÎ ±¸Á¶¿Í ÃßÁø¹æ½ÄÀÌ ´Ù¾çÇÏÁö¸¸, º´Áø¿îµ¿°ú ȸÀü¿îµ¿À¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö´Â ¿ªÇÐÀûÀÎ
¿îµ¿¹æÁ¤½ÄÀÇ ±âº»ÇüÀº ¶È°°À¸¸ç, ´Ù¸¸ ±¸Á¶¿Í ÃßÁø¹æ½ÄÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ¿¡ µû¶ó °ø·Â°è¼ö¿Í º¯¼öµé »çÀÌÀÇ
°áÇÕ°è¼öµéÀÌ ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¦ »ÓÀÌ´Ù. ºñÇàü °¡¿îµ¥ Ç×°ø±âÀÇ °ø±â¿ªÇÐÀû ±¸Á¶´Â ±×¸² 3.21°ú °°ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³¾
¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ±¸Á¶¿¡¼­ ½Â°­Å¸(elevator), ¹æÇâŸ(rudder), º¸Á¶³¯°³(ailerons)ÀÇ Æí°¢Àº ºñÇàü ȸÀü¿îµ¿À» Á¦¾îÇÏ´Â ÀÔ·ÂÀ¸·Î ÀÛ¿ëÇϸç, ÇÇÄ¡°¢(pitch angle), ¿ä°¢(yaw angle), ·Ñ°¢(roll angle)ÀÌ È¸Àü¿îµ¿ÀÇ Ãâ·ÂÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³­´Ù.

  

¡¡

<±×¸² 1> Ç×°ø±âÀÇ ±¸Á¶ ¸ðÇüµµ                                                       

                 : ·Ñ°¢ (roll angle)              : À§Ä¡

                 : ÇÇÄ¡°¢ (pitch angle)         : ¼Óµµ

                 : ¿ä°¢ (yaw angle)              : ·Ñ, ÇÇÄ¡, ¿ä °¢¼Óµµ

                 : ¿· ¹Ì²ô·³°¢ (side-slip angle)

 

 Ç×°ø±â ½Â°­Å¸¿Í ÇÇÄ¡°¢ »çÀÌÀÇ Àü´ÞÇÔ¼ö´Â (½Ä 1)°ú °°´Ù.

 (½Ä 1)       

 

 °³·Î ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ÜÀ§°è´ÜÀÀ´äÀ» ±¸Çغ¸¸é <±×¸² 2>¿Í °°Àº °á°ú¸¦ ¾ò´Â´Ù.

  ´ÙÀ½Àº ¼ÀÅø ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ´Ù.]

Gnum = 4500*181.17;   // °³·Î½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ Àü´Þ ÇÔ¼ö

Gden = [1,361.2,0];

step (Gnum, Gden);    // ´ÜÀ§°è´Ü ÀÀ´ä

title ("°³·Î ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ´ÜÀ§°è´Ü ÀÀ´ä");  

       

                                  <±×¸² 2> °³·Î ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ °è´ÜÀÀ´ä>

¡¡

 2. ºñ·Ê Á¦¾î±â ¼³°è 

 ºñ·ÊÁ¦¾î¶õ <±×¸² 3>°ú °°ÀÌ ±âÁؽÅÈ£¿Í µÇ¸ÔÀÓ½ÅÈ£ »çÀÌÀÇ Â÷ÀÎ ¿ÀÂ÷½ÅÈ£¿¡ Àû´çÇÑ ºñ·Ê»ó¼ö À̵æ K¸¦ °öÇؼ­ Á¦¾î½ÅÈ£¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î³»´Â Á¦¾î±â¹ýÀÌ´Ù.

              

                                                                              <±×¸² 3> ºñ·Ê Á¦¾î±â

         ºñ·Ê»ó¼ö À̵æ Kp¸¦ ÀûÀýÈ÷ ¹Ù²ã °¡¸é¼­ °è´ÜÀÀ´äÀ» ±¸Çϸé <±×¸² 4>¿Í °°ÀÌ Kp°¡ Áõ°¡ÇÒ¼ö·Ï
               ÃÊ°ú¿Í Áøµ¿ÀÌ Ä¿Áø´Ù.

                           kp=[0.03;0.1;0.5];        // ºñ·Ê°è¼ö¸¦ °¢°¢ 5, 10, 50À¸·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù

T = 0: 0.0599: 0.0002;   y=ones(3,length(T));

for (i=1;i<=3;i=i+1) {

Cnum = kp(i;);           // Á¦¾î±â C(s) = Kp ÀÌ´Ù.

[GCnum,GCden] = series(Gnum,Gden,Cnum,[1]);   

[Tnum,Tden] = cloop(GCnum,GCden,-1);                                                       

y(i;)=(step(Tnum,Tden, T))';}

plot (T,y(1;),T,y(2;),T,y(3;));

title ("ºñ·ÊÁ¦¾î±â¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ ´ÜÀ§°è´Ü ÀÀ´ä")

¡¡

                       

                                                   <±×¸² 4> ºñ·ÊÁ¦¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ´ÜÀ§°è´ÜÀÀ´ä>

¡¡

3. ºñ·Ê ¹ÌºÐ Á¦¾î±â ¼³°è

 PD Á¦¾î±âÀÇ º¸»ó±â´Â (½Ä 2)¿Í °°À¸¸ç, PD Á¦¾î±â¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº  <±×¸² 5>¿Í °°Àº Å丷¼±µµ¸¦
°® ´Â´Ù.

(½Ä 2)      

                      

  <±×¸² 5> PD Á¦¾î±â¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ Å丷 ¼±µµ.

 ÀÏ´Ü ¸¦ 0.5·Î °íÁ¤ÇÏ°í, ¸¦ Á¶ÀýÇØ º¸¸é¼­ ´ÜÀ§°è´ÜÀÀ´äÀ» ±¸Çϸé 
<±×¸² 6>ÀÇ °á°ú¸¦ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. °¡ Ŭ¼ö·Ï ÃÊ°ú°¡ ÀÛ¾ÆÁö´Â °ÍÀ» º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

                    

                                              <±×¸² 6> PDÁ¦¾î±â¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ´ÜÀ§°è´ÜÀÀ´ä>

¡¡

4. ºñ·Ê ¹ÌºÐ ÀûºÐ Á¦¾î±â ¼³°è

  <±×¸² 6>¿¡¼­ º¸µíÀÌ PDÁ¦¾î±â¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© Áøµ¿À» ÃÖ¼ÒÈ­ ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ Á¤»ó»óÅ ¿ÀÂ÷°¡ ¸Å¿ì
Å« °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Á¤»ó»óÅ ¼º´ÉÀ» °³¼±Çϱâ À§Çؼ­ ÀûºÐ±â¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â PID Á¦¾î±â¸¦ ¼³°èÇÑ´Ù.
PIDÁ¦¾î±âÀÇ Àü´Þ ÇÔ¼ö´Â (½Ä 3) °°´Ù.

(½Ä 3)       
                          , ·Î °íÁ¤ÇÏ°í ¸¦ Á¶ÀýÇϸ鼭 PID
Á¦¾î±â¸¦ ¼³°èÇϸé <±×¸² 7>ÀÇ °á°ú¸¦ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

Kp2 = 0.5;         // ºñ·Ê°è¼ö

Kd2 = 0.0005;      // ¹ÌºÐ°è¼ö

Ki2 = [10,50];  // ÀûºÐ°è¼ö

T = 0: 0.04: 0.0002;   y=ones(3,length(T));

Cnum1 = [Kd2, Kp2];  Cden1 = 1;                                         

for (i=1;i<=2;i=i+1) {Cnum2 = [1,Ki2(i)];  Cden2 = [1, 0];

[Cnum,Cden] = series (Cnum1,Cden1,Cnum2,Cden2);    // C(s)

[GCnum,GCden] = series(Gnum,Gden,Cnum,Cden);   

[Tnum,Tden] = cloop(GCnum,GCden,-1);

 // Æó·Î ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ Àü´ÞÇÔ¼ö y(i;)=(step(Tnum,Tden, T))';}

plot (T,y(1;),T,y(2;));

("PID Á¦¾î±â¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ´ÜÀ§°è´Ü ÀÀ´ä");   

 

                                                  <±×¸² 7> PIDÁ¦¾î±â¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ´ÜÀ§°è´ÜÀÀ´ä>

¡¡


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